Sanskrit dictionary (beta)

Every entry for a word in Apte, Monier-Williams, Macdonell and the Dhātupāṭha, with their abbreviations spelled out, and an analysis of its forms.

Results for उप

3 dictionaries · exact headword

Apte Dictionary

V. S. Apte, The Practical Sanskrit–English Dictionary

उपupaind.As a prefix to verbs and nouns it expresses towards, near to, by the side of, with, under, down (opp. अप).…
1. As a prefix to verbs and nouns it expresses towards, near to, by the side of, with, under, down (Opposite of अप). According to G. M. the following are its senses: उप सामीप्यसामर्थ्यव्याप्त्याचार्यकृतिमृतिदोषदानक्रियावीप्सा- रम्भाध्ययनबुजनेषु: (1) nearness, contiguity उपविशति, उपगच्छति goes near; (2) power, ability उपकरोति; (3) pervasion उपकीर्ण; (4) advice, instructing as by a teachar उपदिशति, उपदेश; (5) death, extinction, उपरत; (6) defect, fault उपघात; (7) giving उपनयति, उपहरति; (8) action, effort उप त्वानेष्ये; (9) beginning, commencement उपक्रमते, उपक्रम; (1) study उपाध्यायः; (11) reverence, worship उपस्थानम्, उपचरति पितरं पुत्रः. It is also said to have the senses of disease, ornament, command, reproof, killing, wish, resemblance etc.
2. As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns, it expresses direction towards, nearness, resemblance, relationship, contiguity in space, number, time, degree etc., but generally involving the idea of subordination or inferiority; उपकनिष्ठिका the finger next to the little finger; उपपुराणम् a secondary Purāṇa; उपगुरुः an assistant master; उपाध्यक्षः a vice-president. It usually, however, forms Avyayîbhâva comp. in these senses; उपगङ्गम् Equivalent to गङ्गायाः समीपे; उपकूलम्, denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedवनम् etc.; these are again compounded with other words; उपकूपजलाशयः; उपकण्ठ- निवासिनी. Prefixed to proper nouns it means a 'younger brother'; उपेन्द्रः.
3. With numerals it forms संख्याबहुव्रीहि and means 'nearly', 'almost'; उपत्रिंशाः nearly thirty; उपविंशाः about twenty etc.
4. As a separable preposition (a) with Accusative when it means inferiority उपोधिकेच (ParasmaipadaI. 4.87) उपहरिं सुराः Sk. the gods are under id est, that is are inferior to Hari; शक्रादय उपाच्युतम् Vop. (b) With Locative it expresses (1) over, above, superior to; उपनिष्के कार्षापणम्, उपपरार्धे हरेर्गुणाः; (2) addition; (3) near to, towards, in the direction of, under; (4) at, on, upon; (5) upto, in, above; Exempli gratia, for example उप सानुषु on or above the peaks; वयो न वसतीरुप; or sometimes (c) with the Instrumental; with, at the same time with, according to.
5. As a separable adverb it is rarely used in the senses of further, moreover. उपसन्नेऽधिके हीने सादृश्यप्रतियत्नयोः ॥ तद्योगव्याप्तिपूजासु शक्तावारम्भदानयोः ॥ दक्षिणाचार्यकरणदोषाख्यानात्ययेषु च । Compare Greekhupo; Latin sub; Gothic up; German ob..
Source: Apte

Monier-Williams

Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary

उपupaind. (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to अप, away), by the…
1. indeclinable (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to अप, away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down (exempli gratia, 'for example' उप-√गम्, to go near, undergo; उप-गमन, approaching; in the Veda वेद the verb has sometimes to be supplied from the context, and sometimes उप is placed after the verb to which it belongs, exempli gratia, 'for example' आययुर् उप Equivalent to उपा*ययुः, they approached). (As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns उप expresses) direction towards, nearness, contiguity in space, time, number, degree, resemblance, and relationship, but with the idea of subordination and inferiority (exempli gratia, 'for example' उप-कनिष्ठिका, the finger next to the little finger; उप-पुराणम्, a secondary or subordinate Pura1n2a पुराण; उप-दश, nearly ten)
2. indeclinable sometimes forming with the nouns to which it is prefixed compound adverbs (exempli gratia, 'for example' उप-मूलम्, at the root; उप-पूर्व-रात्रम्, towards the beginning of night; उप-कूपे, near a well) which lose their adverbial terminations if they are again compounded with nouns (exempli gratia, 'for example' उपकूप-जला*शय, a reservoir in the neighbourhood of a well)
3. indeclinable prefixed to proper names उप may express in classical literature "a younger brother" (exempli gratia, 'for example' उपे*न्द्र, "the younger brother of Indra इन्द्र"), and in Buddhist Buddhist literature "a son." (As a separable adverb उप rarely expresses) thereto, further, moreover (exempli gratia, 'for example' तत्रो*प ब्रह्म यो वेद, who further knows the Brahman ब्रह्मन्) fg-veda AV. S3Br. Pa1rGr2. (As a separable preposition) near to, towards, in the direction of, under, below (with accusative exempli gratia, 'for example' उप आशाः, towards the regions)
4. indeclinable near to, at, on, upon
5. indeclinable at the time of, upon, up to, in, a reference to some preceeding word (not necessarily in the same page) (with locative case exempli gratia, 'for example' उप सानुषु, on the tops of the mountains) Page195,1
6. indeclinable with, together with, at the same time with, according to (with inst. exempli gratia, 'for example' उप धर्मभिः, according to the rules of duty) fg-veda AV. S3Br. उप, besides the meanings given a reference to some preceeding word (not necessarily in the same page), is said by native authorities to imply disease, extinction; ornament; command; reproof; undertaking; giving; killing; diffusing; wish; power; effort; resemblance, etc.; ([confer, compare Zend upa; Greek ὑπό; Latin sub; Gothic uf; Old German oba; modern German ob in Obdach, obliegen, etc.])
Source: Monier-Williams

Macdonell

A. A. Macdonell, A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary

उपupa[úpa] vb. px. up, hither (esp. with verbs of motion); nl. px. about, near (=approxima tion); ad. moreover…

[úpa] verb prefix up, hither (especially with verbs of motion); nl. prefix about, near (Equivalent toapproxima tion); adverb, -ial, -ially moreover, further; preposition to, towards, near (accusative, locative); *under, less than (accusative); on, in; *above, more than (locative); with, according to (instrumental).

Source: Macdonell

Analysis (Beta) · उप

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