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Sanskrit dictionary (beta)

Every entry for a word in Apte, Monier-Williams, Macdonell and the Dhātupāṭha, with their abbreviations spelled out, and an analysis of its forms.

Results for उपसर्ग

3 dictionaries · exact headword

Apte Dictionary

V. S. Apte, The Practical Sanskrit–English Dictionary
  1. उपसर्गupasarga1 Sickness, disease, change occasioned by a disease; also a disease superinduced on another; क्षीणं…
    1. 1 Sickness, disease, change occasioned by a disease; also a disease superinduced on another; क्षीणं हन्युश्चोपसर्गाः प्रभूताः Suśr.
    2. Misfortune, trouble, calamity, injury, harm; प्रशमिताशेषोपसर्गाः प्रजाः Ratn.1.1; सोपसर्गं वो नक्षत्रम् M.4. sorrow; आपेदे उपसर्गस्तं तमः सूर्यमिवासुरम् Rām.2.63.2.
    3. Portent, natural phenomenon foreboding evil.
    4. An eclipse.
    5. An indication or symptom of death.
    6. Addition.
    7. Possession by an evil spirit.
    8. A preposition prefixed to roots; निपाताश्चादयो ज्ञेयाः प्रादयस्तूपसर्गकाः । द्योतकत्वात् क्रियायोगे लोकादवगता इमे ॥ उपसर्गास्तु विज्ञेयाः क्रियायोगेन विंशतिः । विवेचयन्ति ते ह्यर्थं नामाख्यातविभक्तिषु ॥ बृहद्देवता; आख्यातमुपगृह्यार्थविशेषमिमे तस्यैव सृजन्तीत्युपसर्गाः । Durga under Nirukta 1.3. उपेत्य नामाख्यातयोरर्थस्य विशेषं सृजन्त्युत्पादयन्ती- त्युपसर्गाः । Skanda. The नाट्यशास्त्र defines उपसर्ग thus: प्रातिपदिकार्थयुक्तं धात्वर्थमुपसृजन्ति ये स्वार्थैः । उपसर्गा उपदिष्टास्तस्मात् संस्कारशास्त्रेऽस्मिन् ॥ A poetaster has framed the following समस्यापूरण stanza with the rule उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे (Pāṇini I.4.59); उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे पाणिनेरपि संमयम् । निष्क्रियोऽपि तवारातिः सोपसर्गः सदा कथम् ॥ Upasargas are 2 in number: प्र, परा, अप, सम्, अनु, अव, निस् or निर्, दुस् or दुर्, वि, आ (ङ्), नि, अधि, अपि, अति, सु, उत्, अभि, प्रति, परि, उप; or 22 if निस्-निर् and दुस्-दुर् be taken as separate words. There are two theories as to the character of these prepositions. According to one theory roots have various meanings in themselves (अनेकार्था हि धातवः); when prepositions are prefixed to them they simply bring to light those meanings already existent but hidden in them, but they do not express them, being meaningless themselves; Compare Śi.1.15: सन्तमेव चिरमप्रकृतत्वादप्रकाशितमदिद्युतदङ्गे । विभ्रमं मधुमदः प्रमदानां धातुलीनमुपसर्ग इवार्थम् ॥ According to the other theory prepositions express their own independent meanings; they modify, intensify, and sometimes entirely alter, the senses of roots; Compare Sk.: उपसर्गेण धात्वर्थो बलादन्यत्र नीयते । प्रहाराहारसंहारविहारपरिहारवत् ॥ Compare also धात्वर्थं बाधते कश्चित्कश्चित्तमनुवर्तते । तमेव विशिनष्टयन्य उपसर्गगतिस्त्रिधा ॥ (The latter theory appears to be more correct. For a fuller exposition see Nirukta).
    9. An obstacle; ते समाधावुपसर्गा व्युत्थाने सिद्धयः । योगसूत्रs 3.39.

Monier-Williams

Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary
  1. उपसर्गupasargaउप-सर्जन see col. 2.
    1. उप-सर्जन see column 2.
    2. masculine gender (gaRa न्यङ्क्व्-आदि Pa1n2. 7-3, 53) addition AitBr. iv, 4, 1; 2 RPra1t.
    3. masculine gender misfortune, trouble, a natural phenomenon (considered as boding evil) R. Prab. Ratna1v. Das3. etc.
    4. masculine gender an eclipse (of a star) commentator or commentary on Mn. iv, 105
    5. masculine gender (in med.) a fit, paroxysm (supposed to be possession by an evil spirit) Sus3r.
    6. masculine gender a disease superinduced on another Sus3r. ii, 429, 13
    7. masculine gender change occasioned by any disease Lexicographers
    8. masculine gender indication or symptom of death Lexicographers
    9. masculine gender a Nipa1ta निपात or particle joined to a verb or noun denoting action, a preposition (see also गति and कर्म-प्रवचनीय; they are enumerated Pa1n2. 1-4, 58; in the Veda वेद they are separable from the verb) Pa1n2. 1-4, 59; vi, 3, 97; 122 Ka1ty. Pat. RPra1t. APra1t. etc.
    10. (also) an eclipse of sun or moon, Gobh.

Macdonell

A. A. Macdonell, A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary
  1. उपसर्गupasarga[upa-sarga] m. addition; trouble; ca lamity; eclipse; preposition (gr.); -sargana, n. addition; obscuration…

    [upa-sarga] masculine addition; trouble; ca lamity; eclipse; preposition (grammatical term); -sargana, neuter addition; obscuration, eclipse; secondary thing; subordinate person; representative; dependent (in a compound or as a derivative) word determining another (grammatical term).

Analysis (Beta) · उपसर्ग

morphology by sanskrit_parser

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