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Sanskrit dictionary (beta)

Every entry for a word in Apte, Monier-Williams, Macdonell and the Dhātupāṭha, with their abbreviations spelled out, and an analysis of its forms.

Results for गन्धर्व

2 dictionaries · exact headword

Apte Dictionary

V. S. Apte, The Practical Sanskrit–English Dictionary
  1. गन्धर्वgandharva1 A celestial musician, a class of demi-gods regarded as the singers or musicians of gods, and said to give…
    1. 1 A celestial musician, a class of demi-gods regarded as the singers or musicians of gods, and said to give good and agreeable voice to girls; पतङ्गो वाचं मनसा बिभर्ति तां गन्धर्वोऽवदद्गर्भे अन्तः Rv.1.177.2; Av.11.5.2; सोमं शौचं ददावासां गन्धर्वश्च शुभां गिरम् Y.1.71.
    2. A singer in general; Mb.7.57.4.
    3. A horse; Mb.3.
    4. The musk-deer.
    5. The soul after death and previous to its being born again; तस्यासीद्दुहिता गन्धर्वगृहीता Bṛi. Up.3.3.1.
    6. The black cuckoo.
    7. The sun.
    8. A sage, pious man; Vāj.32.7.

    Derived forms and compounds

    • -तैलम् Castor-oil.

    • -नगरम्, -पुरम् the city of the Gandharvas, an imaginary city in the sky, probably the result of some natural phenomenon, such as mirage; गन्धर्वनगराकारं तथैवान्तर्हितं पुनः Mb.1.126.35.

    • -राजः Chitraratha, the chief of the Gandharvas.

    • -विद्या the science of music.

    • -विवाहः one of the eight forms of marriage described in Ms.3.27 etc.; in this form marriage proceeds entirely from love or the mutual inclination of a youth and maiden without ceremonies and without consulting relatives; it is, as Kālidāsa observes, कथमप्यबान्धवकृता स्नेहप्रवृत्तिः Ś.4.17.

    • -वेदः one of the four subordinate Vedas or Upavedas, which treats of music; see उपवेद.

    • -हस्तः, -हस्तकः the castoroil plant.

    Source: Apte

Monier-Williams

Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary
  1. गन्धर्वgandharvam. a Gandharva गन्धर्व [though in later times the Gandharvas गन्धर्व s are regarded as a class, yet in RV.…
    1. masculine gender a Gandharva गन्धर्व [though in later times the Gandharvas गन्धर्व s are regarded as a class, yet in fg-veda rarely more than one is mentioned; he is designated as the heavenly Gandharva गन्धर्व (दिव्य्/अ ग्that the rest of a word is to be supplied fg-veda ix, 86, 36 and x, 139, 5), and is also called Vis3va1-vasu विश्वा-वसु (fg-veda x, 85, 21 and 22; 139, 4 and 5) and Va1yu-kes3a वायु-केश (in plural fg-veda iii, 38, 6); his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters (fg-veda i, 22, 14; viii, 77, 5; ix, 85, 12; 86, 36; x, 10, 4 AV. ii, 2, 3); his especial duty is to guard the heavenly Soma सोम (fg-veda ix, 83, 4 and 85, 12), which the gods obtain through his intervention (fg-veda AV. vii, 73, 3; confer, compare fg-veda i, 22, 14); it is obtained for the human race by Indra इन्द्र, who conquers the Gandharva गन्धर्व and takes it by force (fg-veda viii, 1, 11 and 77, 5); the heavenly Gandharva गन्धर्व is supposed to be a good physician, because the Soma सोम is considered as the best medicine; possibly, however, the word Soma सोम originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly Gandharva गन्धर्व may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon; in one passage (fg-veda ix, 86, 36) the heavenly Gandharva गन्धर्व and the Soma सोम are identified; he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses (i, 163, 2; x, 177, 2; confer, compare 135, 5); he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally (x, 139, 5 and 6 AV. ii, 1, 2; xx, 128, 3 VS. xi, 1; xxxii, 9); he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, Yama यम and Yami1 यमी (fg-veda x, 10, 4), and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them (fg-veda x, 85, 21 and 22; 40 and 41); for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies (AV. xiv, 2, 35 and 36); ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly Gandharva गन्धर्व (confer, compare -गृहीत, -ग्रह); the Gandharvas गन्धर्व s as a class have the same characteristic features as the one Gandharva गन्धर्व; they live in the sky (fg-veda AV. S3Br. xiv), guard the Soma सोम (fg-veda ix, 113, 3 S3Br. iii AitBr. i, 27), are governed by Varun2a वरुण (just as the A1psarasa आप्सरस s are governed by Soma सोम) S3Br. xiii A1s3vS3r. x, 7, 3, know the best medicines (AV. viii, 7, 23 VS. xii, 98), regulate the course of the asterisms (AV. xiii, 1, 23 BhP. iv, 29, 21; hence twenty-seven are mentioned VS. ix, 7), follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them (AV. S3Br. iii); as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to Soma सोम, the Gandharvas गन्धर्व s, and Agni अग्नि (Gr2ihya1s. ii, 19 feminine Pan5cat. Sus3r.); the wives of the Gandharvas गन्धर्व s are the A1psarasa आप्सरस s (confer, compare गन्धर्वा*प्सर्/अस्), and like them the Gandharvas गन्धर्व s are invoked in gambling with dice (AV. vii, 109, 5); they are also feared as evil beings together with the Ra1kshasas राक्षस s, Kimi1din किमीदिन् s, Pis3a1cas पिशाच s, etc., amulets being worn as a protection against them (AV. Sus3r.); they are said to have revealed the Vedas वेद s to Va1c वाच् (S3Br. iii; confer, compare Pa1rGr2. ii, 12, 2), and are called the preceptors of the R2ishis ऋषि s (S3Br. xi); Puru1ravas पुरूरवस् is called among them (ibidem); in epic poetry the Gandharvas गन्धर्व s are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers (confer, compare fg-veda x, 177, 2) who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the A1psarasa आप्सरस s to Indra इन्द्र 's heaven, sharing also in his battles (Ya1jn5. i, 71 MBh. Hariv. etc.; confer, compare RTL. page and participle238); in the more systematic mythology the Gandharvas गन्धर्व s constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided (id est gods, manes, Gandharvas गन्धर्व s AV. xi, 5, 2; or gods, Asuras असुर s, Gandharvas गन्धर्व s, men TS. vii, 8, 25, 2; confer, compare S3Br. x; or gods, men, Gandharvas गन्धर्व s, A1psarasas आप्सरस s, Sarpas सर्प s, and manes AitBr. iii, 31, 5; for other enumerations confer, compare Nir. iii, 8 Mn. i, 37 [RTL. page and participle237] &iii, 196;vii, 23; xii, 47 Nal. etc.); divine and human Gandharvas गन्धर्व s are distinguished (TUp. ii, 8; the divine or Deva-Gandharvas देव-गन्धर्व s are enumerated MBh. i, 2550 ff. and 4810 ff.); another passage names 11 classes of Gandharvas गन्धर्व s (TA1r. i, 9, 3); the chief or leader of the Gandharvas गन्धर्व s is named Citra-ratha चित्र-रथ (Bhag. x, 26); they are called the creatures of Praja1pati प्रजापति (Mn. i, 37) or of Brahma1 ब्रह्मा (Hariv. 11793) or of Kas3yapa कश्यप (11850) or of the Munis मुनि s (MBh. i, 2550 Hariv. 11553) or of Pra1dha1 प्राधा (MBh. i, 2556) or of Arisht2a1 अरिष्टा (Hariv. 234 VP. i, 21) or of Va1c वाच् (PadmaP.); with Jainas जैन s the Gandharvas गन्धर्व s constitute one of the eight classes of the Vyantaras व्यन्तर s]
    2. masculine gender Name of the attendant of the 17th Arhat अर्हत् of the present Avasarpin2i1 अवसर्पिणी Lexicographers
    3. masculine gender a singer VarBr2S. lxxxvii, 33 BhP. i, 11, 21
    4. masculine gender the Koi0l Koil or black cuckoo Lexicographers
    5. masculine gender a sage, pious man Mahi1dh. on VS. xxxii, 9
    6. masculine gender a horse MBh. iii, 11762
    7. masculine gender confer, compare ii, 1043
    8. masculine gender the musk deer (derived from गन्ध) Lexicographers
    9. masculine gender the soul after death and previous to its being born again (corresponding in some respects to the western notion of a ghost) Lexicographers
    10. masculine gender Name of the 14th Kalpa कल्प or period of the world Va1yuP. i, 21, 30
    11. masculine gender of the 21st Muhu1rta मुहूर्त Su1ryapr.
    12. masculine gender of a Svara स्वर or tone (for गान्धार ?) Hariv. ii, 120, 4
    13. masculine gender plural the Gandharvas गन्धर्व s (see a reference to some preceeding word (not necessarily in the same page))
    14. masculine gender Name of a people (named together with the Ga1ndha1ras गान्धार s) R. vii, 100, 10 feminine and 101, 2 ff. and 11 VarBr2S. xiv, 31
    15. masculine gender night BhP. iv, 29, 21
    16. ([confer, compare Greek κένταυρος from κενθαρϝο-ς .])
    17. (in compound)
    Source: Monier-Williams

Analysis (Beta) · गन्धर्व

morphology by sanskrit_parser

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