Sanskrit dictionary (beta)

Derived forms and compounds

• -रः

  1. Another person, a stranger, foreigner; Often times in Plural in this sense; यतः परेषां गुणग्रहीतासि Bv.1.9; Śi.2.74; see एक, अन्य also.
  2. A foe, an enemy, adversary; उत्तिष्ठमानस्तु परो नोपेक्ष्यः पथ्यभिच्छता Śi.2.1; Pt.2.158; R.3.21.
  3. The Almighty; तावदध्यासते लोकं परस्य परचिन्तकाः Bhāg.3.32.8.

• -रम्

  1. The highest point or pitch, culminating point.
  2. The Supreme Sprit; तेषामादित्यवज्ज्ञानं प्रकाशयति तत् परम् Bg.5.16.
  3. Final beatitude; असक्तो ह्याचरन् कर्म परमाप्नोति पूरुषः Bg.3.19.
  4. The secondary meaning of a word.
  5. (In logic) One of the two kinds of सामान्य or generality of notion; more extensive kind, (comprehending more objects); Exempli gratia, for example पृथ्वी is पर with respect to a घट).
  6. The other or future world; परासक्ते च वस्तस्मिन् कथमासीन्मनस्तदा Mb.6.14.55. Note The Accusative, Instrumental and Locative singulars of पर are used adverbially; Exempli gratia, for example (a) परम्
  7. beyond, over, out of (with Ablative); वर्त्मनः परम् R.1.17.
  8. after (with Ablative); अस्मात् परम् Ś.6.24; R.1.66;3.39; Me.12; भाग्यायत्त- मतः परम् Ś.4.17; ततः परम् etc.
  9. thereupon, thereafter.
  10. but, however.
  11. otherwise.
  12. in a high degree, excessively, very much, completely, quite; परं दुःखितोऽस्मि etc.
  13. most willingly.
  14. only.
  15. at the utmost. (b) परेण
  16. farther, beyond, more than; किं वा मृत्योः परेण विधास्यति Māl.2.2.
  17. afterwards; मयि तु कृतनिधाने किं विदध्याः परेण Mv.2.49.
  18. after (with Ablative) स्तन्यत्यागात् परेण Ubbayapada (Parasmaipada and Atmanepada)2.7. (c) परे
  19. afterwards, thereupon; अथ तेन दशाहतः परे R.8.73.
  20. in future.

• -अङ्गम् the hinder part of the body.

• -अङ्गदः an epithet of Śiva.

• -अणुः See परमाणु; Bhāg.1.14.11.

• -अदनः a horse found in the country of Persia or Arabia.

• -अधिकारचर्चा officiousness, meddlesomeness.

• -अधीन Adjective dependent on another, subject, subservient; अन्नमेषां पराधीनं देयं स्याद्भिन्नभाजने Ms.1.54,83; H.1.119.

• -अन्तः final death. (-ताः) Masculine (Plural) Name of a people.

• -अन्तकः

  1. an epithet of Śiva.
  2. a frontier.

• -अन्तकालः the time of death; ते ब्रह्मलोकेषु परान्तकाले परामृताः परिमुच्यन्ति सर्वे Muṇḍ.3.2.6.

• -अन्न Adjective living or subsisting on another's food. (-न्नम्) the food of another; परगृहललिताः परान्नपुष्टाः Mk.4.28. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedपरिपुष्टता being fed with the food of others; Y.3.241. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedभोजिन् Adjective subsisting on the food of others; रोगी चिरप्रवासी परान्नभोजी परावसथशायी । यज्जीवति तन्मरणं यन्मरणं सोऽस्य विश्रामः ॥ H.1.12.

• -अपर

  1. Adjective
  2. far and near, remote and proximate.
  3. prior and posterior.
  4. before and beyond, earlier and later.
  5. higher and lower, best and worst. (-रः) a Guru of an intermediate class. (-रम्) (in logic) a property intermediate between the greatest and smallest numbers, a species (as existing between the genus and individual); Exempli gratia, for example पृथ्वी which is पर with 1respect to a घट is अपर with respect to द्रव्य; द्रव्यत्वादिक- जातिस्तु परापरतयोच्यते Bhāṣā. Parasmaipada8.

• -अभिध्यानम् self-conceit; high opinion for self or body (देहाभिमान); स्वयं पराभिध्यानेन विभ्रंशितस्मृतिः Bhāg.5.14.1.

• -अमृतम् rain.

• -अयण

  1. (अयन) Adjective
  2. attached or devoted to, adhering to.
  3. depending on, subject to.
  4. intent on, solely devoted to or absorbed in (at the end of comp.); प्रभुर्धनपरायणः Bh.2.56; so मोहdenotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be supplied; अथ मोहपरायणा सती विवशा कामवधूर्विबोधिता Ku.4.1; अग्निहोत्रdenotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be supplied etc.
  5. connected with.
  6. being a protector (त्राता); अबर्हाश्चरणैर्हीनाः पूर्वेषां वः परायणाः Mb.1.23.4.
  7. leading or conducive to.
  8. (णम्) the principal or highest objest, chief aim, best or last resort; एतत् परायणम् Praśna Up.1.1; तपसश्च परायणम् Rām.1.21.1; Mb.12.179.12.
  9. essence, sum.
  10. Vedic going away, departure, exit.
  11. firm devotion.
  12. a universal medicine, panacea.
  13. a religious order.

• -अर्थ

  1. Adjective
  2. having another aim or meaning.
  3. intended or designed for another, done for another.
  4. (र्थः) the highest interest or advantage.
  5. the interest of another (Opposite of स्वार्थ); स्वार्थो यस्य परार्थ एव स पुमानेकः सतामग्रणीः Subhāṣ.; R.1.29.
  6. the chief or highest meaning.
  7. the highest object (i.e. sexual intercourse).
  8. the supreme good (मोक्ष); ज्ञात्वा प्रजहि कालेन परार्थमनुदृश्य च Mb.12.288.9.
  9. Something else. Hence परार्थता or परार्थत्व means 'being subsidiary to something else; परार्थता हि गुणभावः ŚB. on MS.4.3.
  10. an object which is meant for another's use (Sāṅ. Phil.); सङ्घातपरार्थत्वात् त्रिगुणादिविपर्ययादधिष्ठानात् Sāṅ. K.17. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedवादिन् Adjective speaking for another; mediator, substitute.

• -अर्थिन् Adjective striving for the supreme good. (-र्थम् -र्थे) Indeclinable for the sake of another.

• -अर्धम्

  1. the other part (Opposite of पूर्वार्ध); the latter half; दिनस्य पूर्वार्धपरार्धभिन्ना छायेव मैत्री खलसज्जनानाम् Bh.2.6.
  2. a particular high number; id est, that is 1,,,,,; एकत्वादिपरार्धपर्यन्ता संख्या T. S.

• -अर्धक Adjective One half of anything.

• -अर्ध्य

  1. Adjective
  2. being on the farther side or half.
  3. most distant in number; हेमन्तो वसन्तात् परार्ध्यः Śat. Br.
  4. most excellent, best, most exalted, highly esteemed, highest, supreme; R.3.27;8.27;1.64;16;39; आबद्धप्रचुरपरार्ध्यकिंकिणीकः Śi.8.45.
  5. most costly; Śi.4.11; श्रियं परार्ध्यां विदधद् विधातृभिः Bu. Ch.1.1.
  6. most beautiful or lovely, finest; R.6.4; परस्परस्पर्धिपरार्ध्यरूपाः पौरस्त्रियो यत्र विधाय वेधाः Śi.3.58.
  7. Divine: असावाटीत् सङ्ख्ये परार्ध्यवत् Bk.9.64.
  8. (र्ध्यम्) a maximum.
  9. an infinite number.

• -अवर

  1. Adjective
  2. far and near; परावराणां स्रष्टारं पुराणं परमव्ययम् Mb.1.1.23.
  3. earlier and later.
  4. prior and posterior or subsequent.
  5. higher and lower.
  6. traditional; पुनाति पङ्क्तिं वंश्यांश्च सप्त सप्त परावरान् Ms.1. 15.
  7. all-including; परावरज्ञोऽसि परावरस्त्वम् Mb.3.232. 18. (-रा) descendants.
  8. (रम्) cause and effect.
  9. the whole extent of an idea.
  10. the universe.
  11. totality. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedज्ञ, denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedदृश् Adjective knowing both the past and the future; परावरज्ञो ब्रह्मर्षिः Mb.1.6.5.

• -अवसथशायिन् Adjective sleeping in another's house; H.1.12.

• -अहः the next day.

• -अह्णः the afternoon, the latter part of the day.

• -आगमः attack of an enemy.

• -आचित Adjective fostered or brought up by another. (-तः) a slave.

• -आत्मन् Masculine the Supreme Spirit.

• -आयत्त

  1. Adjective
  2. dependent on another, subject, subservient; परायत्तः प्रीतेः कथमिव रसं वेत्तु पुरुषः Mu.3.4.
  3. Wholly subdued or overwhelmed by.

• -आयुस् Masculine an epithet of Brahman; नाहं परायुर्ऋषयो न मरीचिमुख्या जानन्ति यद्विरचितं खलु सत्त्वसर्गाः Bhāg.8.1.12.

• -आविद्धः

  1. an epithet of Kubera.
  2. of Viṣṇu.

• -आश्रय

  1. Adjective dependent upon another.
  2. (यः) dependence upon another.
  3. the retreat of enemies. (-या) a plant growing on another tree.

• -आसङ्गः dependence upon another.

• -आस्कन्दिन् Masculine a thief, robber.

• -इतर

  1. Adjective
  2. other than inimical; id est, that is friendly, kind.
  3. one's own; विधाय रक्षान् परितः परेतरान् Ki.1.14.

• -ईशः

  1. an epithet of Brahman.
  2. of Viṣṇu.

• -इष्टिः Name of Brahman.

• -इष्टुका a cow which has often calved.

• -उत्कर्षः another's prosperity.

• -उद्वहः the Indian cuckoo.

• -उपकारः doing good to others, benevolence, beneficence, charity; परोपकारः पुण्याय पापाय परपीडनम्.

• -उपकारिन् Adjective benevolent, kind to others.

• -उपजापः causing dissension among enemies; परोपजापात् संरक्षेत् प्रधानान् क्षुद्रकान् अपि Kau. Atmanepada 1.13.

• -उपदेशः advising others; परोपदेशे पाण्डित्यम्.

• -उपरुद्ध Adjective besieged by an enemy.

• -उपसर्पणम् approaching another; begging.

• -ऊढा another's wife.

• -एधित

  1. Adjective fostered or brought up by another.
  2. (तः) a servant.
  3. the (Indian) cuckoo.

• -कर्मन् Neuter service for another. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedनिरतः a servant.

• -कलत्रम् another's wife. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedअभिगमनम् adultery; वरं क्लैब्यं पुसां न च परकलत्राभिगमनम् H.1.116.

• -कायप्रवेशनम् entering another's body (a supernatural art).

• -कारः The deeds of the enemy; राज्ञः समीपे परकारमाह प्रज्ञापनैषा विबि- धोपदिष्टा Kau. Atmanepada 2.1.

• -कार्यम्

  1. another's business or work. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedनिरतः
  2. a benevolent man.
  3. a slave, servant.

• -काल Adjective relating to a later time, mentioned later.

• -कृतिः an example or precedent, a passage descriptive of the doings of men; MS.6.7.26.

• -क्रमः doubling the second letter of a conjunction of consonants.

• -क्रान्तिः Feminine inclination of the ecliptic.

• -क्षेत्रम्

  1. another's body.
  2. another's field; येऽक्षेत्रिणो बीजवन्तः परक्षेत्रप्रवापिणः । ते वै सस्यस्य जातस्य न लभन्ते फलं क्वचित् ॥ Ms.9.49.
  3. another's wife; तौ तु जातौ परक्षेत्रे Ms.3.175.

• -गामिन्

  1. Adjective
  2. being with another.
  3. relating to another.
  4. beneficial to another.

• -गुण Adjective beneficial to another. (-णः) the virtue of another; परगुणपरमाणून् पर्वतीकृत्य नित्यम् Bh.2.78.

• -ग्रन्थिः joint (as of a finger); an articulation.

• -ग्लानिः Feminine subjugation of an enemy; आत्मोदयः परग्लानिर्द्वयं नीतिरितीयती Śi.2.3.

• -चक्रम्

  1. the army of an enemy.
  2. invasion by an enemy, one of the sixitis quod vide, which see
  3. a hostile prince.

• -छन्द

  1. Adjective dependent.
  2. (दः) the will of another.
  3. dependence. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedअनुवर्तनम् following the will of another.

• -छिद्रम् a weak or vulnerable point of another, a defect in another.

• -ज

  1. Adjective
  2. stranger.
  3. coming from a foe.
  4. inferior.

• -जनः a stranger (Opposite of स्वजन); शक्तः परजने दाता Ms.11.9.

• -जन्मन् Neuter a future birth.

• -जात

  1. Adjective
  2. born of another.
  3. dependent on another for livelihood. (-तः) a servant.

• -जित

  1. Adjective
  2. conquered by another.
  3. maintained by another. (-तः) the (Indian) cuckoo.

• -तन्त्र Adjective dependent on another, dependent, subservient.

• -तन्त्रम् (a common group of) subsidiaries belonging to another; जैमिनेः परतन्त्रापत्तेः स्वतन्त्रप्रतिषेधः स्यात् MS.12.1.8. (see तन्त्रम्).

• -तर्ककः a suppliant, beggar; Dānasāgara, Bibliotheca Indica, 274, Fascicule 1, p.15; also परतर्कुक.

• -तल्पगामिन् Masculine One who approaches another man's wife.

• -तार्थिकः The adherent of another sect.

• -दाराः Masculine (Plural) another's wife; denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedअभिगमनम्, denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedअभिमर्षः Adultery.

• -दारिन् Masculine an adulterer.

• -दुःखम् the sorrow or grief of another; विरलः परदुःखदुःखितो जनः; महदपि परदुःखं शीतलं सम्यगाहुः V.4.13.

• -देवता the Supreme Being.

• -देशः a hostile or foreign country.

• -देशिन् Masculine a foreigner.

• -द्रोहिन्, -द्वेषिन् Adjective hating others, hostile, inimical.

• -धनम् another's property.

• -धर्मः

  1. the religion of another; स्वधर्मे निधनं श्रेयः परधर्मो भयावहः Bg.3.35.
  2. another's duty or business.
  3. the duties of another caste; परधर्मेण जीवन् हि सद्यः पतति जातितः Ms.1.97.

• -ध्यानम् absolute meditation or contemplation; ध्येये मनो निश्चलतां याति ध्येयं विचिन्तयत् । यत् तद् ध्यानं परं प्रोक्तं मुनिभिर्ध्यानचिन्तकैः ॥ Garuḍa Parasmaipada

• -निपातः the irregular posteriority of a word in a compound; id est, that is भूतपूर्वः where the sense is पूर्वं भूतः; so राजदन्तः, अग्न्याहितः etc.

• -निर्वाणम् the highest निर्वाण; (Buddh.).

• -पक्षः the side or party of an enemy.

• -पदम्

  1. the highest position, eminence.
  2. final beatitude.

• -परिग्रह Adjective see पराधीन; स्ववीर्यविजये युक्ता नैते पर- परिग्रहाः Mb.7.144.22.

• -हः another's property (as wife etc.); यथा बीजं न वप्तव्यं पुंसा परपरिग्रहे Ms.9.42-3.

• -परिभवः humiliation or injury suffered from others.

• -पाकनिवृत्त Adjective One who does not depend on others for his sustenance and performs the पञ्चयज्ञs faultlessly and takes food in his own house.

• -पाकरत Adjective one who depends upon others for his sustenance but performs the usual ceremonies before cooking; पञ्चयज्ञान् स्वयं कृत्वा परान्नमुपजीवति । सततं प्रातरुत्थाय परपाकरतस्तु सः ॥ -पाकरुचिः having a liking for others' food; परपाकरुचिर्न स्यादनिन्द्या- मन्त्रणादृते Y.1.112.

• -पिण्डः another's food, food given by another. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedअद् Adjective, denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedभक्षक Adjective one who eats another's food or one who feeds at the cost of another; यादृशोऽहं परपिण्डभक्षको भूतः Mk.8.25/26; (-Masculine) a servant. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedरतAdjective feeding upon another's food; परपिण्डरता मनुष्याः Bh.

• -पुरञ्जयः a conqueror, hero.

• -पुरुषः

  1. another man, a stranger.
  2. the Supreme Spirit, Viṣṇu.
  3. the husband of another woman.

• -पुष्ट

  1. Adjective
  2. fed or nourished by another.
  3. Stranger. (-ष्टः) the (Indian) cuckoo. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedमहोत्सवः the mango tree.

• -पुष्टा

  1. the (Indian) cuckoo.
  2. a parasitical plant.
  3. a harlot, prostitute.

• -पूर्वा a woman who has or had a former husband; Ms.3.166; पतिं हित्वाऽपकृष्टं स्वमुत्कृष्टं या निषेवते । निन्द्यैव सा भवेल्लोके परपूर्वेति चोच्यते Ms.5.163.

• -प्रतिनप्तृ Masculine son of the great grand son.

• -प्रपौत्रः (see प्रतिनप्तृ).

• -प्रेष्यः a servant, menial, slave.

• -ब्रह्मन् Neuter the Supreme Spirit; Compare लीने परे ब्रह्मणि Bh. परे ब्रह्मणि कोऽपि न लग्नः Śaṅkara (चर्पटपञ्जरिका 7).

• -भागः

  1. another's share.
  2. superior merit.
  3. good fortune, prosperity.
  4. (a) excellence, superority, supremacy; दुरधिगमः परभागो यावत् पुरुषेण पौरुषं न कृतम् Pt.1.33;5.34. (b) excess, abundance, height; स्थलकमलगञ्जनं मम हृदय- रञ्जनम् जनितरतिरङ्गपरभागम् Gīt.1; आभाति लब्धपरभागतया- धरोष्ठे R.5.7; Ku.7.17; Ki.5.3;8.42; Śi.7.33; 8.51;1.86;12.15.
  5. the last part, remainder.

• -भाव Adjective loving another.

• -भावः the being second member in a compound.

• -भाषा a foreign tongue.

• -भुक्त Adjective enjoyed or used by another; परभुक्तां च कान्तां च यो भुङ्क्ते स नराधमः । स पच्यते कालसूत्रे यावच्चन्द्रदिवाकरौ ॥ Brav. Parasmaipada

• -भूत Adjective following, subsequent (as words).

• -भृत् Masculine a crow (said to nourish the cuckoo).

• -भृत Adjective nourished by another.

• -भृतः, -ता the (Indian) cuckoo; (so called because she is nourished by another id est, that is by a crow); प्रागन्तरिक्षगमनात्- स्वमपत्यजातमन्यैर्द्विजैः परभृताः खलु पोषयन्ति Ś.5.22; Ku.6.2; R.9.43; Ś.4.1.

• -भतम्

  1. another's opinion.
  2. different opinion or doctrine; heterodoxy.

• -मर्मज्ञ Adjective knowing the secrets of another.

• -मृत्युः a crow.

• -रमणः a married woman's gallant or paramour; स्वाधीने पररमणे धन्यास्तारुण्यफलभाजः Pt.1.18.

• -लोकः the next (or furture) world; परलोकनवप्रवासिनः प्रतिपत्स्ये पदवीमहं तव Ku. 4.1. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedगमः, denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedयानम् death. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedविधि funeral rites; परलोक- विधौ च माधव स्मरमुद्दिश्य (निबपेः सहकारमञ्जरीः) Ku.4.38.

• -वश, -वश्य Adjective subject to another, dependent, dependent on others; सर्वं परवशं दुःखं सर्वमात्मवशं सुखम्.

• -वाच्यम् a fault or a defect of another; प्रकटान्यपि नैपुणं महत् परवाच्यानि चिराय गोपितुम् Śi.16.3.

• -वाणिः

  1. a judge.
  2. a year.
  3. Name of the peacock of Kārtikeya.

• -वादः

  1. rumour, report.
  2. Objection, controversy.

• -वादिन् Masculine a disputant, controversialist.

• -वेश्मन् Neuter the abode of the Supreme Being.

• -व्रतः an epithet of Dhṛitarāṣṭra.

• -शब्दः a word expressive of something else; परशब्दस्य परत्र वृत्तौ तद्वद् भावो गम्यते ŚB. on MS.7.2.1.

• -श्वस् Indeclinable the day after tomorrow.

• -संगत

  1. Adjective
  2. associated with another.
  3. fighting with another.

• -संज्ञकः the soul.

• -सवर्ण Adjective homogeneous with a following letter (in Grammar).

• -सात् Indeclinable into the hands of another. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedकृता a woman given in marriage.

• -सेवा service of another.

• -स्त्री another's wife.

• -स्वम् another's property; व्यावृता यत् परस्वेभ्यः श्रुतौ तस्करता स्थिता R.1.27; Ms.7.123. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedहरणम् seizing another's property.

• -हन् Adjective killing enemies.

• -हित

  1. Adjective
  2. benevolent.
  3. profitable to another.

• -तम् the welfare of another; सन्तः स्वयं परहिताभिहिताभियोगाः Bh.