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Sanskrit dictionary (beta)

Every entry for a word in Apte, Monier-Williams, Macdonell and the Dhātupāṭha, with their abbreviations spelled out, and an analysis of its forms.

Results for यम

3 dictionaries · exact headword

Apte Dictionary

V. S. Apte, The Practical Sanskrit–English Dictionary
  1. यमyamaa.Twin, twinborn.

    [यम्-घञ्]

    1. Twin, twinborn.
    2. Coupled.

    Derived forms and compounds

    • -मः

      1. Restraining, controlling, curbing; यमो राजा धार्मिकाणां मान्धातः परमेश्वरः Mb.12.91.42.
      2. Control, restraint.
      3. Self control.
      4. Any great moral or religious duty or observance (Opposite of नियम); तप्तं यमेन नियमेन तपोऽमुनैव Name13.16; यमनियमकृशीकृतस्थिराङ्गः Ki.1. 1. (यम and नियम are thus distinguished: शरीरसाधनापेक्षं नित्यं यत् कर्म तद् यमः । नियमस्तु स यत् कर्म नित्यमागन्तुसाधनम् ॥ Ak.2.49; See Malli. on Śi.13.23 and Ki.1.1 also. The yamas are usually said to be ten, but, their names are given differently by different writers; Exempli gratia, for example ब्रह्मचर्यं दया क्षान्तिर्दानं सत्यमकल्कता । अहिंसाऽस्तेयमाधुर्ये दमश्चेति यमाः स्मृताः ॥ Y.3.312; or आनृशंस्यं दया सत्यमहिंसा क्षान्तिरार्जवम् । प्रीतिः प्रसादो माधुर्यं मार्दवं च यमा दश ॥ sometimes only fiveyamas are mentioned: अहिंसा सत्यवचनं ब्रह्मचर्यमकल्कता । अस्तेयमिति पञ्चैते यमाख्यानि व्रतानि च ॥).
      5. The first of the eight aṅgas. or means of attaining Yoga; the eightaṅgas are: यमनियमासनप्राणायामप्रत्याहारधारणाध्यानसमाधयोऽ- ष्टाङ्गानि; Śāndilya Up.1.1.2.
      6. The god of death, death personified, regarded as a son of the sun; he presides over the पितृs and rules the spirits of the dead; दत्ताभये त्वयि यमादपि दण्डधारे Ubbayapada (Parasmaipada and Atmanepada)2.11.
      7. A twin; धर्मात्मजं प्रति यमौ च (id est, that is नकुलसहदेवौ) कथैव नास्ति Ve.2.25; यमयो- श्चैव गर्भेषु जन्मतो ज्येष्ठता मता Ms.9.126.
      8. One of a pair or couple, a fellow.
      9. Name of Saturn.
      10. A crow.
      11. A symbolical expression for the number 'two'.
      12. Vedic A rein, bridle; पृष्ठे सदो नसोर्यमः Ṛv.5. 61.2.
      13. Vedic A driver, charioteer; अग्निं रथानां यमम् Ṛv.8.13.1.
      14. Name of a deity who chastises beings for their misdeeds; यमं कालं च मृत्युं च स्वर्गं संपूज्य चार्हतः Mb.12.2.3.

    • -मम्

      1. A pair or couple.
      2. (In Grammar) The twin letter of any consonant.
      3. Pitch of the voice.

    • -मी Name of the river Yamunā.

    • -मौ

      1. (Masculine Dual)
      2. Twins; कथं त्वमेतौ धृतिसंयमौ यमौ Ki.1. 36.
      3. Name of the Aśvins; यमौ यमोपमौ चैव ददौ दानान्यनेकशः Mb.14.61.38.
      4. Nakula and Sahadeva; भीमार्जुनयमा- श्चापि तद्युक्तं प्रतिपेदिरे Mb.3.6.14. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedमैथुनौ twins of different sex.

    • -अनुगः, -अनुचरः a servant or attendant of Yama.

    • -अनुजा Name of the river Yamunā मघोनि वर्षत्य- सकृद् यमानुजा Bhāg.1.3.51.

    • -अन्तकः

      1. an epithet of
      2. Śiva.
      3. of Yama.

    • -अरिः, -घ्नः, -रिपुः etc. Name of Viṣṇu.

    • -ईशम् the Nakṣatra Bharaṇī.

    • -किङ्करः a messenger of death.

    • -कीटः

      1. a wood-louse.
      2. an earth-worm.

    • -कीलः Name of Viṣṇu.

    • -कोटिः, -टी Name of a mythical town to the east of Laṅkā लङ्का कुमध्ये यमकोटिरस्याः Siddhāntaśiromaṇi.

    • -घण्टः Name of an astrological Yoga (this is inauspicious).

    • -जः Adjective twin-born, twin; यमजौ चापि भद्रं ते नैतदन्यत्र विद्यते Mb.3.14.19; भ्रातरौ आवां यमजौ Ubbayapada (Parasmaipada and Atmanepada)6;4; also यमजात-जातक.

    • -दंष्ट्रा 'Yama's tooth', the jaws of death. (-ष्ट्राः Plural) the last eight days of the month Aśvina and the whole of Kārtika (regarded as a period of general sickness).

    • -दिश्

      1. Feminine the south. दूतः, दूतकः a messenger of death.
      2. a crow.

    • -दूतिका tamarind.

    • -देवता the asterism Bharaṇī.

    • -द्रुमः Bombax Heptaphyllum (Marâthî सांवरी).

    • -द्वितीया the second day in the bright half of Kārtika when sisters entertain their brothers (Marâthî भाऊबीज); Compare भ्रातृद्वितीया.

    • -धानी the abode of Yama; नरः संसारान्ते विशति यमधानीजवनिकाम् Bh.3.112.

    • -धारः a kind of double-edged weapon.

    • -पटः, -पट्टिका a piece of cloth on which Yama with his attendants and the punishments of hell are represented (Marâthî यमपुरी); याव- देतद् गृहं प्रविश्य यमपटं दर्शयन्न् गीतानि गायामि Mu.1.18/19.

    • -पदम् a repeated word.

    • -पाशः the noose of Yama.

    • -पुरुषः Yama's servant or minister.

    • -प्रियः the fig tree.

    • -भगिनी Name of the river Yamunā.

    • -यातना the tortures inflicted by Yama upon sinners after death, (the word is sometimes used to denote horrible tortures', 'extreme pain').

    • -रथः a buffalo.

    • -राज् Masculine Yama, the god of death.

    • -वाहनः Equivalent to यमरथः quod vide, which see

    • -व्रतम्

      1. an observance or vow made to Yama.
      2. an impartial punishment (as given by Yama); यथा यमः प्रियद्वेष्यौ प्राप्ते काले नियच्छति । तथा राज्ञा नियन्तव्याः प्रजास्तद् हि यमव्रतम् ॥ Ms.9. 37.

    • -शासनः the lord Śiva; यशो यदीयं यमशासनालय-क्षमाधर- स्पर्धनमाचचार सः Rām. Ch.2.12; (यमशासनालयः Equivalent to हिमा- लयः).

    • -श्रायम् the abode of Yama; यात यूयं यमश्रायं दिशं नायेन दक्षिणाम् Bk.7.36.

    • -सभा the tribunal of Yama.

    • -सूर्यम् a building with two halls, one facing the west and the other facing the north.

    • -स्वसृ

      1. Feminine
      2. Name of the river Yamunā; क्षणमिव पुलिने यमस्वसुस्ताम् Bhāg.3.4.27.
      3. Name of Durgā.
    Source: Apte

Monier-Williams

Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary
  1. यमyamam. a rein, curb, bridle RV. v, 61, 2
    1. masculine gender a rein, curb, bridle fg-veda v, 61, 2
    2. masculine gender a driver, charioteer ibidem viii, 103, 10
    3. masculine gender the act of checking or curbing, suppression, restraint (with वाचाम्, restraint of words, silence) BhP.
    4. masculine gender self-control forbearance, any great moral rule or duty (as opp. to नियम, a minor observance; in Ya1jn5. iii, 313 ten Yamas यम s are mentioned, sometimes only five) Mn. MBh. etc.
    5. masculine gender (in Yoga योग) self-restraint (as the first of the eight An3gas अङ्ग s or means of attaining mental concentration) IW. 93
    6. masculine gender any rule or observance Pa1rGr2.
    7. mf(/आ or /ई)neuter gender twin-born, twin, forming a pair fg-veda etc.
    8. masculine gender a twin, one of a pair or couple, a fellow (dual number "the twins" Name of the As3vins अश्विन् s and of their twin children by Ma1dri1 माद्री, called Nakula नकुल and Saha-deva सह-देव; यमौ मिथुनौ, twins of different sex) ibidem
    9. masculine gender a symbolical Name for the number "two" Hcat.
    10. masculine gender Name of the god who presides over the Pitr2is पितृ s (quod vide) and rules the spirits of the dead fg-veda etc. IW. 18; 197, 198 etc. RTL. 10; 16; 289 etc. (he is regarded as the first of men and born from Vivasvat विवस्वत्, "the Sun", and his wife Saran2yu1 सरण्यू; while his brother, the seventh Manu मनु, another form of the first man, is the son of Vivasvat विवस्वत् and Sam2jn5a1 संज्ञा, the image of Saran2yu1 सरण्यू; his twin-sister is Yami1 यमी, with whom he resists sexual alliance, but by whom he is mourned after his death, so that the gods, to make her forget her sorrow, create night; in the Veda वेद he is called a king or संगमनो जनानाम्, "the gatherer of men", and rules over the departed fathers in heaven, the road to which is guarded by two broad-nosed, four-eyed, spotted dogs, the children of S3arama1 शरमा quod vide; in Post-vedic mythology he is the appointed Judge and "Restrainer" or "Punisher" of the dead, in which capacity he is also called धर्मराज or धर्म and corresponds to the Greek Pluto and to Minos; his abode is in some region of the lower world called Yama-pura यम-पुर; thither a soul when it leaves the body, is said to repair, and there, after the recorder, Citra-gupta चित्र-गुप्त, has read an account of its actions kept in a book called Agra-sam2dha1na1 अग्र-संधाना, it receives a just sentence; in MBh. Yama यम is described as dressed in blood-red garments, with a glittering form, a crown on his head, glowing eyes and like Varun2a वरुण, holding a noose, with which he binds the spirit after drawing it from the body, in size about the measure of a man's thumb; he is otherwise represented as grim in aspect, green in colour, clothed in red, riding on a buffalo, and holding a club in one hind and noose in the other; in the later mythology he is always represented as a terrible deity inflicting tortures, called यातना, on departed spirits Page846,2; he is also one of the 8 guardians of the world as regent of the South quarter; he is the regent of the Nakshatra नक्षत्र Apa-bharan2i1 अप-भरणी or Bharan2i1 भरणी, the supposed author of fg-veda x, 10; 14, of a hymn to Vishn2u विष्णु and of a law-book; यमस्या*र्कः Name of a Sa1man सामन् A1rshBr.)
    11. masculine gender Name of the planet Saturn (regarded as the son of Vivasvat विवस्वत् and Cha1ya1 छाया) Hariv. BhP.
    12. masculine gender of one of Skanda स्कन्द 's attendants (mentioned together with Ati-yama अति-यम) MBh.
    13. masculine gender a crow Lexicographers (confer, compare -दूतक)
    14. masculine gender a bad horse (whose limbs are either too small or too large) Lexicographers
    15. neuter gender a pair, brace, couple Lexicographers
    16. neuter gender (in gram.) a twin-letter (the consonant interposed and generally understood, but not written in practice, between a nasal immediately preceded by one of the four other consonants in each class) Pra1t. Pat. on Pa1n2. 1-1, 8
    17. neuter gender pitch of the voice, tone of utterance, key Pra1t.
    Source: Monier-Williams

Macdonell

A. A. Macdonell, A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary
  1. यमyama[yám-a] m. (restrainer), rein (RV.1); driver (RV.1); suppression, restraint, self restraint; general law of…
    1. [yám-a] masculine (restrainer), rein (Rig-veda1); driver (Rig-veda1); suppression, restraint, self restraint; general law of morality, paramount duty (opposite niyama, minor duty); observance, rule.
    2. [yam-á] adjective (ấ, î́) forming a pair; masculine twin (dual twins; designation of the Asvins); noun of the male Twin of Yamî, the first man, son of Vivasvat (Rig-veda); in the Veda Yama is the god who rules over the departed fathers in heaven; in Classical (post-Vedic) Sanskrit he is regarded as the god of death, presiding in the lower regions (his name being supposed to mean subduer or punisher), younger brother of Manu (the first man), regent of the south, and reputed author of hymns and of a law-book; planet Saturn; neuter pair.
    Source: Macdonell

Analysis (Beta) · यम

morphology by sanskrit_parser

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