10P, seṭ, sak
this dhātu is preceded by an upendra and it means reveal ।
N.B. in the pāṇinian dhāṭu-pāṭha this dhātu is listed as शब्द्अ उपसर्गाद् आविष्कारे च and सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी says that the word च drags in the word भाषणे from the previous dhātu बुक्क्अ भाषने (10P, bark, to speak, to sound in general" such that शब्द्अ by itself is used in the sense of भाषण whereas शब्द्अ that comes after an upasarga is used in the sense of आविष्कर । however, सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी also offers an alternate explanation of the word च-अनुपसर्गाच् च आविष्कारे इत्य् एव "शब्द्अ is also just used in the sense of आविष्कार, even when it doesn't come after an upasarga" । thus the word च is used in the sense of उपसर्गाद् अनुपसर्गाच् च । in this way सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी establishes that शब्द्अ is also used without an upendra । similarly, āmṛta explains that the form शब्दनः in vṛtti 869 is made from the cur-ādi-dhātu शब्द्अ विशब्दने । विशब्दन is basically an equivalent of आविष्कार since jīva gosvāmī, commenting on the cur-ādi-dhātu घुष्इर् विशब्दने, explains that विशब्दन means स्वाभिमताविष्करण "revealing one's opinion" । bāla, however, explains that the form शब्दनः in vṛtti 869 is made from the cur-ādi-dhātu शब्द्अ शब्द-क्रियायाम् where शब्द-क्रिया means make a sound । but the problem is that neither शब्द्अ विशब्दने nor शब्द्अ शब्द-क्रियायाम् are listed in the pāṇinian dhāṭu-pāṭha or in jīva gosvāmī's dhāṭu-pāṭha । thus, to make forms like शब्दयति sounds" (laṭ pa. 1.1) and शब्दनः "one who sounds" (1.1), we either have to resort to सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी's first explanation or we have to understand that such forms are made from the ṇy-anta-dhātu शब्दि formed by applying ण्इ after शब्दम् (2.1) in the sense of तत् करोति (see sūtra 617) । this ṇy-anta-dhātu शब्दि, which means "make a sound" would be equivalent in sense to the cur-ādi-dhātu शब्द्अ शब्द-क्रियायाम् mentioned by Bāla । another feature of the dhātu शब्द्अ is that it takes on the special meaning of "called" in karmaṇi prayoga । for example, śrīdhara svāmī, commenting on ब्रह्मेति परमात्मेति भगवान् इति शब्द्यते (bhāg. 1.2.11), glosses शब्द्यते as अभिधीयते "called" । similarly we get सत्त्वं विशुद्धं वसुदेव-शब्दितम् "pure consciousness is called vasudeva" (bhāg. 4.3.23) ।
