उपupaind.As a prefix to verbs and nouns it expresses towards, near to, by the side of, with, under, down (opp. अप).…
- As a prefix to verbs and nouns it expresses towards, near to, by the side of, with, under, down (Opposite of अप). According to G. M. the following are its senses: उप सामीप्यसामर्थ्यव्याप्त्याचार्यकृतिमृतिदोषदानक्रियावीप्सा- रम्भाध्ययनबुजनेषु: (1) nearness, contiguity उपविशति, उपगच्छति goes near; (2) power, ability उपकरोति; (3) pervasion उपकीर्ण; (4) advice, instructing as by a teachar उपदिशति, उपदेश; (5) death, extinction, उपरत; (6) defect, fault उपघात; (7) giving उपनयति, उपहरति; (8) action, effort उप त्वानेष्ये; (9) beginning, commencement उपक्रमते, उपक्रम; (1) study उपाध्यायः; (11) reverence, worship उपस्थानम्, उपचरति पितरं पुत्रः. It is also said to have the senses of disease, ornament, command, reproof, killing, wish, resemblance etc.
- As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns, it expresses direction towards, nearness, resemblance, relationship, contiguity in space, number, time, degree etc., but generally involving the idea of subordination or inferiority; उपकनिष्ठिका the finger next to the little finger; उपपुराणम् a secondary Purāṇa; उपगुरुः an assistant master; उपाध्यक्षः a vice-president. It usually, however, forms Avyayîbhâva comp. in these senses; उपगङ्गम् Equivalent to गङ्गायाः समीपे; उपकूलम्, denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedवनम् etc.; these are again compounded with other words; उपकूपजलाशयः; उपकण्ठ- निवासिनी. Prefixed to proper nouns it means a 'younger brother'; उपेन्द्रः.
- With numerals it forms संख्याबहुव्रीहि and means 'nearly', 'almost'; उपत्रिंशाः nearly thirty; उपविंशाः about twenty etc.
- As a separable preposition (a) with Accusative when it means inferiority उपोधिकेच (ParasmaipadaI. 4.87) उपहरिं सुराः Sk. the gods are under id est, that is are inferior to Hari; शक्रादय उपाच्युतम् Vop. (b) With Locative it expresses (1) over, above, superior to; उपनिष्के कार्षापणम्, उपपरार्धे हरेर्गुणाः; (2) addition; (3) near to, towards, in the direction of, under; (4) at, on, upon; (5) upto, in, above; Exempli gratia, for example उप सानुषु on or above the peaks; वयो न वसतीरुप; or sometimes (c) with the Instrumental; with, at the same time with, according to.
- As a separable adverb it is rarely used in the senses of further, moreover. उपसन्नेऽधिके हीने सादृश्यप्रतियत्नयोः ॥ तद्योगव्याप्तिपूजासु शक्तावारम्भदानयोः ॥ दक्षिणाचार्यकरणदोषाख्यानात्ययेषु च । Compare Greekhupo; Latin sub; Gothic up; German ob..
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आचार्यमुपसंगम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥
- उपसङ्गम्यupasaṅgamyaindeclinable past participle or gerund form of the verbal root gam (to go) with the prefixes upa and sam (to approach).
- उपाविशत्upāviśatimperfect 3rd person singular of the verbal root viś (to enter or settle down) with the prefix upa (to sink down).
- उपपद्यतेupapadyatepresent 3rd person singular of the verbal root pad (to stand fixed) with the prefix upa (to fit).
- उपजायतेupajāyatepresent 3rd person singular of the verbal root jan (to take birth, to happen) with the prefix upa.
- उपहन्याम्upahanyāmpotential 1st person singular of the verbal root han (to kill, slay) with the prefix upa.
- उपजुह्वतिupajuhvatipresent 3rd person singular of the verbal root hu (to sacrifice, offer) with the prefix upa (to offer).
and 14 more forms
Source: ApteApte entry
