गुरून्हत्वा हि महानुभावान्श्रेयो भोक्तुं भैक्ष्यमपीह लोके ।हत्वार्थकामांस्तु गुरूनिहैवभुञ्जीय भोगान् रुधिरप्रदिग्धान् ॥
gurūnhatvā hi mahānubhāvānśreyo bhoktuṁ bhaikṣyamapīha lokehatvārthakāmāṁstu gurūnihaivabhuñjīya bhogān rudhirapradigdhān
Better in this world to live even on alms than to slay these high-souled Gurus. Slaying these Gurus, I should taste of blood-stained enjoyments even in this world.
Compiled rendering · Anilbaran Roy
AI translation
Essays on the Gita
blood-stained enjoyments
His translation
URJOONA How shall I combat Bheeshma in the fight and Drona,O Madhusudan, how shall I smite with arrows those venerable heads? Better were it, not piercing these great and worshipped hearts to eat even a beggar’s bread on this our earth; I slay our earthly wealth & bliss when I slay these; bloodstained will be the joys I shall taste. Therefore we know not which of these is better, that we should be victors or that we should be vanquished; for they whom slaying we should have no heart to live, lo they face us in the foeman’s van, they are Dhritarashtrians. Pain and unwillingness have swept me from my natural self, my heart is bewildered as to right and wrong; thee then I question. Tell me what would surely be my good, for I am thy disciple; teach me, for in thee I have sought my refuge. I see not what shall banish from me the grief that parcheth up the senses, though I win on earth rich kingship without rival and empire over the very gods in heaven.
Essays on the Gita
The character of this inner crisis is therefore not the questioning of the thinker; it is not a recoil from the appearances of life and a turning of the eye inward in search of the truth of things, the real meaning of existence and a solution or an escape from the dark riddle of the world. It is the sensational, emotional and moral revolt of the man hitherto satisfied with action and its current standards who finds himself cast by them into a hideous chaos where they are in violent conflict with each other and with themselves1·40 and there is no moral standing-ground left, nothing to lay hold of and walk by, no dharma.* That for the soul of action in the mental being is the worst possible crisis, failure and overthrow. The revolt itself is the most elemental and simple possible; sensationally, the elemental feeling of horror, pity and disgust; vitally, the loss of attraction and faith in the recognised and familiar objects of action and aims of life; emotionally, the recoil of the ordinary feelings of social man, affection, reverence, desire of a common happiness and satisfaction, from a stern duty outraging them all; morally, the elementary sense of sin and hell and rejection of2·5 “blood-stained enjoyments”; practically, the sense that the standards of action have led to a result which destroys the practical aims of action. But the whole upshot is that all-embracing inner bankruptcy which Arjuna expresses when he says that his whole conscious being,2·7 not the thought alone but heart and vital desires and all, are utterly bewildered and can find nowhere the dharma, nowhere any valid law of action. For this alone he takes refuge as a disciple with Krishna; give me, he practically asks, that which I have lost, a true law, a clear rule of action, a path by which I can again confidently walk. He does not ask for the secret of life or of the world, the meaning and purpose of it all, but for a dharma.
Arjuna is the Kshatriya, the rajasic man who governs his rajasic action by a high sattwic ideal. He advances to this gigantic struggle, to this Kurukshetra with the full acceptance of the1·22 joy of battle, as to “a holiday of fight”, but with a proud confidence in the righteousness of his cause; he advances in his rapid chariot tearing the hearts of his enemies with the victorious1·14–15 clamour of his war-conch; for he wishes to look upon all these1·22–23 Kings of men who have come here to champion against him the cause of unrighteousness and establish as a rule of life the disregard of law, justice and truth which they would replace by the rule of a selfish and arrogant egoism. When this confidence is shattered within him, when he is smitten down from his customary attitude and mental basis of life, it is by the uprush of the tamasic quality into the rajasic man, inducing a recoil of astonishment, grief, horror, dismay, dejection, bewilderment of the mind and the war of reason against itself, a collapse towards the principle of ignorance and inertia. As a result he turns towards renunciation. Better the life of the mendicant living upon alms than this dharma2·5 of the Kshatriya, this battle and action culminating in undiscriminating massacre, this principle of mastery and glory and power which can only be won by destruction and bloodshed, this conquest of blood-stained enjoyments, this vindication of justice and right by a means which contradicts all righteousness and this affirmation of the social law by a war which destroys in its process and result all that constitutes society.
Arjuna in his reply to Krishna admits the rebuke even while he strives against and refuses the command. He is aware of his weakness and yet accepts subjection to it. It is poorness of spirit,2·7 he owns, that has smitten away from him his true heroic nature; his whole consciousness is bewildered in its view of right and wrong and he accepts the divine Friend as his teacher; but the emotional and intellectual props on which he had supported his sense of righteousness have been entirely cast down and he cannot accept a command which seems to appeal only to his old standpoint and gives him no new basis for action. He attempts still to justify his refusal of the work and puts forward in its support the claim of his nervous and sensational being which shrinks from the slaughter with its sequel of blood-stained enjoyments, the2·5 claim of his heart which recoils from the sorrow and emptiness of life that will follow his act, the claim of his customary moral notions which are appalled by the necessity of slaying his gurus, Bhishma and Drona, the claim of his reason which sees no good but only evil results of the terrible and violent work assigned to him. He is resolved that on the old basis of thought and motive he will not2·9 fight and he awaits in silence the answer to objections that seem to him unanswerable. It is these claims of Arjuna’s egoistic being that Krishna sets out first to destroy in order to make place for the higher law which shall transcend all egoistic motives of action.
The Synthesis of Yoga
We see in the teaching of the Gita how subtle a thing is the freedom from egoism which is demanded. Arjuna is driven to fight by the egoism of strength, the egoism of the Kshatriya; he is turned from the battle by the contrary egoism of weakness, the shrinking, the spirit of disgust, the false pity that overcomes the mind, the nervous being and the senses,—not that divine compassion which strengthens the arm and clarifies the knowledge. But this weakness comes garbed as renunciation, as virtue: “Better the life of the beggar than to taste these blood-stained enjoyments; I desire not the rule of all the earth, no, nor the kingdom of the gods.” How foolish of the Teacher, we might say, not to confirm this mood, to lose this sublime chance of adding one more great soul to the army of Sannyasins, one more shining example before the world of a holy renunciation. But the Guide sees otherwise, the Guide who is not to be deceived by words; “This is weakness and delusion and egoism that speak in thee. Behold the Self, open thy eyes to the knowledge, purify thy soul of egoism.” And afterwards? “Fight, conquer, enjoy a wealthy kingdom.” Or to take another example from ancient Indian tradition. It was egoism, it would seem, that drove Rama, the Avatara, to raise an army and destroy a nation in order to recover his wife from the King of Lanka. But would it have been a lesser egoism to drape himself in indifference and misusing the formal terms of the knowledge to say, “I have no wife, no enemy, no desire; these are illusions of the senses; let me cultivate the Brahman-knowledge and let Ravana do what he will with the daughter of Janaka”?
Writings in Bengali
gurūnahatvā hi mahānubhāvān śreyo bhoktuṁ bhaikṣyamapīha loke
hatvārthakāmāṁstu gurūnihaiva bhuñjīya bhogān rudhirapradigdhān (5)
Better is it in this world to eat even the beggar’s crust than to slay these great-souled gurus. Slaying these gurus, I should taste of blood-stained enjoyments even in this world.
Arjuna could understand the purport of Sri Krishna’s words; he desisted from raising political objections; but receiving no answer to the other objections he had, he took refuge with Sri Krishna for instruction. He said, “I admit I am a Kshatriya; desisting from great action under the influence of pity is indicative of impotence for me, inglorious, contrary to dharma. But the mind does not agree, the heart does not agree. The mind says, killing elders is a great sin; if I kill elders for my own happiness I shall fall into unrighteousness and lose dharma, liberation, the other world, whatever is desirable. Desire will be satisfied, greed for wealth will be satisfied; but for how many days? Enjoyment obtained by unrighteousness lasts till death; after that there is indescribable misery. And when you enjoy, finding the taste of the blood of elders in that enjoyment what happiness or peace will there be? The heart says, these are my dear ones; if I kill them I shall not be able to enjoy happiness in this life anymore; I do not want to live even. If you give me the enjoyment of the empire of the whole earth or conquering heaven give the enjoyment of Indra’s wealth, I will not listen. The grief that will overwhelm me, by that all organs of action and organs of knowledge being overwhelmed and exhausted will become slack and incapable in their respective functions; then what will you enjoy? Extreme poverty of spirit has come upon me; the great Kshatriya nature has drowned in that poverty. I have taken refuge with you. Give me knowledge, strength, faith; show the path of the good and save me.”
অর্জ্জুনের নির্ব্বেদের মূল কি? অনেকে এই বিষাদের প্রশংসা করিয়া শ্রীকৃষ্ণকে কুমার্গপ্রদর্শক ও অধর্ম্মের অনুমোদক বলিয়া নিন্দা করেন। খ্রীষ্টধর্ম্মের শান্তিভাব, বৌদ্ধধর্ম্মের অহিংসাভাব এবং বৈষ্ণবধর্ম্মের প্রেমভাবই উচ্চ ও শ্রেষ্ঠ ধর্ম্ম, যুদ্ধ ও নরহত্যা পাপ, ভ্রাতৃহত্যা ও গুরুহত্যা মহাপাতক, তাঁহারা এই ধারণার বশবর্ত্তী হইয়া এই অসঙ্গত কথা বলেন। কিন্তু এই সকল আধুনিক ধারণা দ্বাপর যুগের মহাবীর পাণ্ডবের মনেও উঠে নাই; অহিংসাভাব শ্রেষ্ঠ, বা যুদ্ধ, নরহত্যা, ভ্রাতৃহত্যা ও গুরুহত্যা মহাপাপ বলিয়া যুদ্ধে বিরত হওয়া উচিত, এই চিন্তার কোনও চিহ্নও অর্জ্জুনের কথায় ব্যক্ত হয় না। বলিলেন বটে, গুরুজনকে হত্যা করা অপেক্ষা ভিক্ষাবৃত্তি অবলম্বন করা শ্রেয়স্কর, বলিলেন বটে যে বন্ধুবান্ধবের হত্যায় পাপ আমাদিগকে আশ্রয় করিবে, কিন্তু কর্ম্মের স্বভাব দেখিয়া এই কথা বলেন নাই, কর্ম্মের ফল দেখিয়া বলিলেন; সেইজন্য শ্রীকৃষ্ণ তাঁহার বিষাদ ভঞ্জনার্থ এই শিক্ষা দিয়াছেন যে কর্ম্মের ফল দেখিতে নাই, কর্ম্মের স্বভাব দেখিয়া সেই কর্ম্ম করা উচিত না অনুচিত স্থির করিতে হয়। অর্জ্জুনের প্রথম ভাব এই যে ইঁহারা আমার আত্মীয়, গুরুজন, বন্ধু, বাল্যসহচর, সকলে স্নেহ, ভক্তি ও ভালবাসার পাত্র, ইঁহাদের হত্যায় অসপত্ন রাজ্যলাভ করিলে সেই রাজ্যভোগ কদাচ সুখপ্রদ হইতে পারে না, বরং যাবজ্জীবন দুঃখ ও পশ্চাত্তাপে দগ্ধ হইতে হয়, বন্ধুবান্ধবশূন্য পৃথিবীর রাজ্য কাহারও বাঞ্ছনীয় নহে। অর্জ্জুনের দ্বিতীয় ভাব এই যে প্রিয়জনকে হত্যা করা ধর্ম্মবিরুদ্ধ, যাঁহারা দ্বেষের পাত্র, তাঁহাদিগকে যুদ্ধে হত্যা করা ক্ষত্রিয়ের ধর্ম্ম। তৃতীয় ভাব এই যে স্বার্থের জন্য এইরূপ কর্ম্ম করা ধর্ম্মবিরুদ্ধ ও ক্ষত্রিয়ের অনুচিত। চতুর্থ ভাব এই যে ভ্রাতৃবিরোধে ও ভ্রাতৃহত্যায় কুলনাশ ও জাতিধ্বংস ঘটিবে, এইরূপ কুফল সৃষ্টি কুলরক্ষক ও জাতিরক্ষক ক্ষত্রিয়বীরের পক্ষে
গুরূনহত্বা হি মহানুভাবান্ শ্রেয়ো ভোক্তুং ভৈক্ষ্যমপীহ লোকে।
হত্বার্থকামাংস্তু গুরূনিহৈব ভুঞ্জীয় ভোগান্ রুধিরপ্রদিগ্ধান্॥৫॥
অর্জ্জুনের শিক্ষাপ্রার্থনা
শ্রীকৃষ্ণের উক্তির উদ্দেশ্য অর্জ্জুন বুঝিতে পারিলেন, তিনি রাজনীতিক আপত্তি উত্থাপন করিতে বিরত হইলেন, কিন্তু আর যে যে আপত্তি ছিল, তাহার কোন উত্তর না পাইয়া শ্রীকৃষ্ণের নিকট শিক্ষার্থে শরণাগত হইলেন। তিনি বলিলেন, “আমি স্বীকার করি আমি ক্ষত্রিয়, কৃপার বশবর্ত্তী হইয়া মহৎ কার্য্যে বিরত হওয়া আমার পক্ষে ক্লীবত্বসূচক, অকীর্ত্তিজনক, ধর্ম্মবিরুদ্ধ। কিন্তু মনও মানে না, প্রাণও মানে না। মন বলে, গুরুজন হত্যা মহাপাপ, নিজ সুখের জন্য গুরুজনকে হত্যা করিলে অধর্ম্মে পতিত হইয়া ধর্ম্ম, মোক্ষ, পরলোক, যাহা বাঞ্ছনীয়, সকলই যাইবে। কামনা তৃপ্ত হইবে, অর্থস্পৃহা তৃপ্ত হইবে, কিন্তু সে কয়দিন? অধর্ম্মলব্ধ ভোগ প্রাণত্যাগ পর্য্যন্ত স্থায়ী, তাহার পর অনির্ব্বচনীয় দুর্গতি হয়। আর যখন ভোগ করিবে, তখন সেই ভোগের মধ্যে গুরুজনের রক্তের
The Arya — text not in the CWSA
* Gita II. 1–38.