Apte Dictionary

1. पूर्वpūrvaThe east

   Derived forms and compounds

   • -र्वा

     1. The east
     2. Name of a country to the east of Madhyadeśa.

   • -र्वम्

     1. Indeclinable
     2. Before (with Ablative); मासात् पूर्वम्.
     3. Formerly, previously, at first, antecedently, beforehand; तं पूर्वमभिवादयेत् Ms.2.117;3.94;8.25;; R. 12.35; प्रणिपातपूर्वम् K; भूतपूर्वखरालयम् Ubbayapada (Parasmaipada and Atmanepada)2.17 'which formerly was the abode', etc.; समयपूर्वम् Ś.5. 'after a formal agreement.'
     4. Immemorially. (पूर्वेण 'in front', 'before', 'to the east of', with Genitive or Accusative; अद्य पूर्वम् 'till-now', 'hitherto'; पूर्वः -ततः -पश्चात् -उपरि 'firstthen, first-afterwards', 'previously, subsequently',पूर्वम् -अधुना or -अद्य 'formerly-now.' -Compound

   • -अग्निः the sacred fire kept in the house (आवसथ्य).

   • -अङ्गः the first day in the civil month.

   • -अचलः, -अद्रिः the eastern mountain behind which the sun and moon are supposed to rise.

   • -अधिकारिन् Masculine the first occupant, a prior owner.

   • -अन्तः the end of a preceding word.

   • -अपर

     1. Adjective
     2. a former act or work.
     3. the first thing to be done, a prior work.
     4. actions done in a former life.
     5. preparations, preliminary arrangements.

   • -कल्पः

     1. former times.
     2. eastern and western; कतमोऽयं पूर्वापर- समुद्रावगाढः सानुमानालोक्यते Ś.7; पूर्वापरौ तोयनिधी वगाह्य Ku. 1.1.
     3. first and last.
     4. prior and subsequent, preceding and following.
     5. connected with another.
     6. (रम्) what is before and behind.
     7. connection; न च पूर्वापरं विद्यात् Ms.8.56.
     8. the proof and the thing to be proved. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedविरोधः inconsistency, incongruity.

   • -अभिमुख Adjective turned towards or facing the east.

   • -अभ्यासः former practice or experience.

   • -अम्बुधिः the eastern ocean.

   • -अर्जित

     1. Adjective attained by former works. (-तम्) ancestral property.
     2. aforesaid, above-mentioned.
     3. previously stated or advanced (as an objection.

   • -ज Adjective

   • पूर्व pūrva, Adjective

     1. (Declined like a pronoun when it implies relative position in time or space, but optionally so in nom. Plural; and Ablative and Locative Singular)
     2. Being in front of, first, foremost.
     3. Eastern, easterly, to the east of; ग्रामात् पर्वतः पूर्वः Sk.; पूर्वापरौ तोयनिधी वगाह्य Ku.1.1.
     4. Previous to, earlier than; ब्राह्मणे साहसः पूर्वः Ms.8.276.
     5. Old, ancient; पूर्वसूरिभिः R.1.4; इदं कविभ्यः पूर्वेभ्यो नमोवाकं प्रशास्महे Ubbayapada (Parasmaipada and Atmanepada)1.1.
     6. Former, previous, anterior, prior, antecedent (Opposite of उत्तर); in this sense often at the end of comp. and translated by 'formerly.' or 'before'; श्रुतपूर्व etc.; व्यतीता या निशा पूर्वा पौराणां हर्षवर्धिनी Rām.7.37.1.
     7. Aforesaid, before-mentioned.
     8. Initial.
     9. Established, customary, of long standing
     10. Early, prime, पूर्वे वयसि Pt.1.165 'in early age or prime of life.
     11. Elder (ज्येष्ठ); रामः पूर्वो हि नो भ्राता भविष्यति महीपतिः Rām.2.79.8.
     12. (At the end of comp.) Preceded by, accompanied by, attended with; संबन्धमा भाषणपूर्वमाहुः R.2.58; पुण्यः शब्दो मुनिरिति मुहुः केवलं राजपूर्वः Ś2.17; तान् स्मितपूर्वमाह Ku.7.47; बहुमानपूर्वया 5.31; दशपूर्वरथं यमाख्यया दशकण्ठारिगुरुं विदुर्बुधाः R.8.29; so मतिपूर्वम् Ms.11.147 'intentionally', 'knowingly'; 12.89; अबोधपूर्वम् 'unconsciously', Ś.5.2. etc.

   • -र्वः An ancestor, a forefather; पूर्वैः किलायं परिवर्धितो नः R.13.3; पयः पूर्वैः सनिश्वासैः कवोष्णमुपभुज्यते 1.67;5.14; अनुकारिणि पूर्वेषां युक्तरूपमिदं त्वयि Ś.2.17.

   • -र्वम्

     1. The forepart; अनवरतधनुर्ज्यास्फालनक्रूरपूर्वम् (गात्रम्) Ś.2.4.
     2. born or produced before or formerly, first-produced, first-born; यमयोः पूर्वजः पार्थः Mb.3.141. 11.
     3. ancient, old.
     4. eastern. अर्धः, र्धम् the first half; दिनस्य पूर्वार्धपरार्धभिन्ना छायेव मैत्री खलसज्जनानाम् Bh.2.6; समाप्तं पूर्वार्धम् etc.
     5. the upper part (of the body); शकुन्तला पूर्वार्धेन शयनादुत्थाय Ś.3; R.16.6.
     6. the first half of a hemistich.

   • -अवसायिन् Adjective what occurs first or earlier; पूर्वावसायिनश्च बलीयांसो जघन्यावसायिभ्यः ŚB. on MS.12.2.34.

   • -अह्णः the earlier part of the day, forenoon; Ms.4. 96,152. श्वः कार्यमद्य कुर्वीत पूर्वाह्णे चापराह्णिकम् (पूर्वाह्णतन, पूर्वा- ह्णिकः, पूर्वाह्णेतन Adjective relating to the forenoon).

   • -आवेदकः a plaintiff.

   • -आषाढा Name of the 2th lunar mansion consisting of two stars.

   • -इतर Adjective western.

   • -उक्त, -उदित Adjective beforementioned, aforesaid, -उत्तर Adjective north-eastern. (-रा) the north-east. (-रे dual) the preceding and following, antecedent and subsequent.

   • -कर्मन्

     1. Neuter
     2. primæval.
     3. declared by the ancients; यथा ब्राह्मण- चाण्डालः पूर्वदृष्टस्तथैव सः Ms.9.87.

   • -कायः

     1. the fore-part of the body of animals; पश्चार्धेन प्रविष्टः शरपतनभयाद् भूयसा पूर्वकायम् Ś.1.7.
     2. the upper part of the body of men; स्पृशन् करेणानतपूर्वकायम् R.5.32; पर्यङ्कबन्धस्थिरपूर्वकायम् Ku.3.45.

   • -काल Adjective belonging to ancient times. (-लः) former or ancient times.

   • -कालिक, -कालीन Adjective ancient.

   • -काष्ठा the east, eastern quarter.

   • -कृत Adjective previously done. (-तम्) an act done in a former life.

   • -कोटिः Feminine the starting point of a debate, the first statement or पूर्वपक्ष quod vide, which see

   • -क्रिया preparation.

   • -गा Name of the river Godāvarī.

   • -गङ्गा Name of the river Narmadā; रेवेन्दुजा पूर्वगङ्गा नर्मदा मेकलीद्रिजा Abh. Chin.183.

   • -चोदित

     1. Adjective
     2. (जः) an elder brother; अपहाय महीशमार्चिचत् सदसि त्वां ननु भामपूर्वजः; Śi. 16.44; R.15.36.
     3. the son of the elder wife.
     4. an ancestor, a forefather; स पूर्वजानां कपिलेन रोषात् R.16.34.
     5. (Plural) the progenitors of mankind.
     6. the manes living in the world of the moon. (-जा) an elder sister.

   • -जन्मन् Neuter a former birth. (-Masculine) an elder brother; स लक्ष्मणं लक्ष्मणपूर्वजन्मा (विलोक्य) R.14.44.;15.95.

   • -जातिः Feminine a former birth.

   • -ज्ञानम् knowledge of a former life.

   • -तापनीयम् Name of the first half of नृसिंहतापनीयोपनिषद्.

   • -दक्षिण Adjective south-eastern. (-णा) the south-east.

   • -दिक्पतिः Indra, the regent of the east.

   • -दिनम् the forenoon.

   • -दिश् Feminine the east.

   • -दिश्य Adjective situated towards the east, eastern.

   • -दिष्टम् the award of destiny.

   • -दृष्ट Adjective

   • -पक्षः

     1. the fore-part or side.
     2. the first half of a lunar month; सर्वं पूर्वपक्षापरपक्षाभ्यामभिपन्नम् Bṛi. Up.3.1.5.
     3. the first part of an argument, the prima facie argument or view of a question; विषयो विशयश्चैव पूर्वपक्षस्तथोत्तरम्.
     4. the first objection to an argument.
     5. the statement of the plaintiff.
     6. a suit at law.
     7. an assertion, a proposition. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedपादः the plaint, the first stage of a legal proceeding.

   • -पदम् the first member of a compound or sentence.

   • -पर्वतः the eastern mountain behind which the sun is supposed to rise.

   • -पश्चात्, -पश्चिम Indeclinable from the east to the west.

   • -पाञ्चालक Adjective belonging to the eastern Pañch- ālas.

   • -पाणिनीयाः Masculine (Plural) the disciples of Pāṇini living in the east.

   • -पालिन् Masculine an epithet of Indra.

   • -पितामहः a forefather, an ancestor; अब्रवीद् हि स मां क्रुद्धस्तव पूर्वपितामहः । मूत्रश्लेष्माशनः पाप निरयं प्रतिपत्स्यसे ॥ Mb.12.3.21.

   • -पीठिका introduction.

   • -देवः

     1. an ancient deity.
     2. a demon or Asura; भूमिदेवनरदेवसंगमे पूर्वदेवरिपुरर्हणां हरिः Śi.14.58.
     3. a progenitor (पितृ).
     4. (Dual) an epithet of Nara-Nārāyaṇa; सव्यसाचिन् महाबाहो पूर्वदेव सनातन Mb.3. 41.35. (com. पूर्वदेव नरनारायणसख).

   • -देवता a progenitor (पितृ) of gods or of men; अक्रोधनाः शौचपराः सततं ब्रह्म- चारिणः । न्यस्तशस्त्रा महाभागाः पितरः पूर्वदेवताः ॥ Ms.3.192.

   • -देशः the eastern country, or the eastern part of India.

   • -द्वार Adjective favourable in the eastern region.

   • -निपातः the irregular priority of a word in a compound; Compare परनिपात.

   • -निमित्त an omen.

   • -निविष्ट Adjective made formerly, in past; यस्तु पूर्वनिविष्टस्य तडागस्योदकं हरेत् Ms.9.281.

   • -भागः

     1. the forepart.
     2. the upper part.

   • -भा (भ)द्रपदा the twentyfifth lunar mansion containing two stars.

   • -पुरुषः

     1. an epithet of Brahmā.
     2. anyone of the first three ancestors, beginning with the father (पितृ, पितामह, and प्रपितामह); Pt.1.89.
     3. an ancestor in general.

   • -पूर्व Adjective each preceding one. (-र्वाः) Masculine (Plural) forefathers.

   • -प्रोष्ठपदा Equivalent to पूर्वभाद्रपदा; Mb.13.89.13.

   • -फल्गुनी the eleventh lunar mansion containing two stars. denotes that the rest of the word under consideration is to be suppliedभवः an epithet of the planet Jupiter.

   • -बन्धुः first or best friend; Mk.

   • -भवः a former life.

   • -भावः

     1. priority.
     2. prior or antecedent existence; येन सहैव यस्य यं प्रति पूर्वभावोऽवगम्यते Tarka K.
     3. (Rhet.) disclosing an intention.

   • -भाषिन् Adjective willing to speak first; hence polite, courteous.

   • -भुक्तिः Feminine prior occupation or possession; Ms.8.252.

   • -भूत Adjective preceding, previous.

   • -मध्याह्नः the forenoon.

   • -मारिन् Adjective dying before; एवंवृत्तां सवर्णां स्त्रीं द्विजातिः पूर्वमारिणीम् (दाहयेत्) Ms.5.167.

   • -मीमांसा 'the prior or first Mīmāṁsā', an inquiry into the first or ritual portion of the Veda, as opposed to the उत्तरमीमांसा or वेदान्त; see मीमांसा.

   • -मुख Adjective having the face turned towards the east.

   • -याम्य Adjective south-eastern.

   • -रङ्गः the commencement or prelude of a drama, the prologue; यन्नाठ्यवस्तुनः पूर्वं रङ्गविघ्नोपशान्तये । कुशीलवाः प्रकुर्वन्ति पूर्वरङ्गः स उच्यते ॥ D. R; पूर्वरङ्गं विधायैव सूत्रधारो निवर्तते S. D.283; पूर्वरङ्गः प्रसंगाय नाटकीयस्य वस्तुनः Śi.2.8. (see Malli. thereon).

   • -रागः the dawning or incipient love, love between two persons which springs (from some previous cause) before their meeting; श्रवणाद् दर्शनाद् वापि मिथः संरूढरागयोः । दशाविशेषोयोऽप्राप्तौ पूर्वरागः स उच्यते ॥ S. D.214.

   • -रात्रः the first part of the night (from dusk to midnight).

   • -रूपम्

     1. indication of an approaching change; an omen.
     2. a symptom of occuring disease.
     3. the first of two concurrent vowels or consonants that is retained.
     4. (in Rhet.) a figure of speech which consists in describing anything as suddenly resuming its former state.

   • -लक्षणम् a symptom of coming sickness.

   • -वयस् Adjective young. (-Neuter) youth.

   • -वर्तिन् Adjective existing before, prior, previous.

   • -वाक्यम् (in dram.) an allusion to former utterance.

   • -वादः the first plea or commencement of an action at law; पूर्ववादं परित्यज्य योऽन्यमालम्बते पुनः । पदसंक्रमणाद् ज्ञेयो हीनवादी स वै नरः ॥ Mitā.

   • -वादिन् Masculine the complainant or plaintiff.

   • -विद् Adjective knowing the events of the past; historian; पृथोरपीमां पृथिवीं भार्यां पूर्वविदो विदुः Ms.9.44.

   • -विप्रतिषेधः the conflict of two statements contrary to each other.

   • -विहित Adjective deposited before.

   • -वृत्तम्

     1. a former event; पूर्ववृत्तकथितैः पुराविदः सानुजः पितृ- सखस्य राघवः (अह्यमानः) R.11.1.
     2. previous conduct.

   • -वैरिन् Adjective one who first commences hostilities, an aggressor.

   • -शारद Adjective relating to the first half of autumn.

   • -शैलः see पूर्वपर्वत.

   • -सक्थम् the upper part of the thigh. Parasmaipada V.4.98.

   • -संचित Adjective gathered before (as in former birth); त्यजेदाश्वयुजे मासि मुन्यन्नं पूर्वसंचितम् Ms.6.15.

   • -सन्ध्या daybreak, dawn; रजनिमचिरजाता पूर्वसंध्या सुतैव (अनुपतति) Si.11.4.

   • -सर Adjective going in front.

   • -सागरः the eastern ocean; स सेनां महतीं कर्षन् पूर्वसागरगामिनीम् R.4.32.

   • -साहसः the first of the three fines; स दाप्यः पूर्वसाहसम् Ms.9.281.

   • -स्थितिः Feminine former or first state.

   In the Gita·4·15·10·6

   एवं ज्ञात्वा कृतं कर्म पूर्वैरपि मुमुक्षुभिः ।

   • पूर्वैःpūrvaiḥinstrumental plural of the masculine form of the adjective pūrva (ancient, former, old, customary) used as a Pronoun.
   • पूर्वेpūrvelocative singular of the masculine form of the adjective pūrva (ancient, former, old, customary) used as a noun.

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